What Are NTDs (Neglected Tropical Diseases)

Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) are a group of infectious diseases that mostly affect people living in tropical and subtropical areas. These diseases are called “neglected” because they often do not receive as much attention as other major health conditions, even though they affect millions of people every year.

In Indonesia, NTDs remain a serious health issue. Poor sanitation, limited access to healthcare, and environmental factors such as warm climates and standing water make it easier for these diseases to spread.

Understanding what NTDs are and how they affect people is an important first step toward prevention and early treatment.

What Causes Neglected Tropical Diseases?

NTDs are caused by different organisms, including:

1. Parasites
2. Bacteria
3. Viruses

They spread in several ways, such as:

• Through mosquito or insect bites
• By contact with contaminated soil or water
• From poor hygiene and sanitation
• Through close contact with infected individuals or animals

Many NTDs can be prevented or treated if they are detected early. However, when people delay medical care, these diseases can cause long-term health problems, disability, and even social stigma.

Common Neglected Tropical Diseases in Indonesia

Indonesia is affected by 11 out of 21 NTDs recognized globally. The government has identified five priority diseases due to their impact on public health:

1. Lymphatic Filariasis (Elephantiasis)

This disease is spread by mosquitoes and can cause severe swelling of the legs, arms, or genitals. If not treated early, it can lead to permanent disability.

2. Soil-Transmitted Helminths (Worm Infections or Cacingan)

Worm infections are common in areas with poor sanitation. They often affect children and can lead to anemia, poor nutrition, slow growth, and learning difficulties.

3. Schistosomiasis (Snail Fever)

This parasitic disease spreads through freshwater that contains infected snails. It mainly affects people who work or live near rivers and lakes.

4. Leprosy (Kusta)

Leprosy is a curable disease, but early treatment is very important. Without care, it can damage nerves, skin, and eyes.

Stigma often prevents people from seeking help.

5. Yaws (Frambusia)

Yaws mostly affect children and cause skin sores and bone problems. It spreads through direct skin contact and is common in rural areas.

Other NTDs found in Indonesia include:

• Dengue
• Chikungunya
• Scabies
• Rabies
• Taeniasis
• Venomous snake bites

How Big Is the Problem?

NTDs affect more than 80 million people in Indonesia, which is nearly one-third of the population. While this number has dropped significantly over the past decade, thanks to reminding control programs, it remains a major public health concern.

More than 272 million people are still at risk, especially for diseases like worm infections and lymphatic filariasis. Filariasis alone is still found in 236 districts across 28 provinces, with thousands of people living with long-term complications.

Beyond physical illness, NTDs can also lead to emotional stress, social exclusion, and financial hardship for families.

What Is Being Done to Control NTDs?

Indonesia is working with the World Health Organization (WHO) to eliminate several NTDs by 2030. Key efforts include:

• Mass drug treatment programs in high-risk areas
• Better disease monitoring and early screening
• Mosquito and insect control
• Improving access to clean water and sanitation
• Community education to reduce stigma and raise awareness

There has been real progress. Leprosy was officially eliminated as a public health problem in Indonesia in 2000, and no new schistosomiasis cases have been reported in some previously affected villages since 2019.

However, challenges remain, especially in remote areas and after healthcare disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Why Early Detection and Treatment Matter

Early diagnosis can prevent serious complications and stop diseases from spreading. Regular health check-ups, proper hygiene, and timely medical care play a big role in protecting individuals and communities from NTDs.

At Bali International Hospital, we provide comprehensive medical services focused on early detection, prevention, and treatment of infectious and tropical diseases. Our experienced medical teams use modern diagnostic tools and a patient-centered approach to ensure accurate care and long-term health outcomes.

Take Care of Your Health Today

NTDs may be common in tropical regions, but they should never be ignored. With the right knowledge, early screening, and proper medical care, many of these diseases can be prevented or treated before they cause serious health problems.

At our international hospital, we are committed to helping you stay healthy through preventive care, early detection, and comprehensive treatment for infectious and tropical diseases. Our experienced medical teams use modern diagnostic tools and a patient-centered approach to support your long-term well-being.

If you have concerns about symptoms, risk factors, or prevention, contact us to speak with our healthcare professionals. You can also book now to schedule a consultation or health screening and take a proactive step toward protecting your health, because no disease should be neglected, and neither should you.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Why are they called “neglected”?

Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) are called “neglected” because they mainly affect people living in poor tropical areas with limited access to clean water, sanitation, and healthcare. Even though these diseases affect millions of people worldwide, they receive much less attention, funding, and research compared to well-known diseases like HIV, malaria, or tuberculosis.

Many NTDs cause long-term disability rather than immediate death, which means they are often overlooked despite their serious impact on daily life.

Are NTDs still common in Indonesia?

Yes, NTDs are still a public health issue in Indonesia. While the number of cases has decreased thanks to government programs and mass treatment efforts, millions of people remain affected or at risk, especially in certain regions.

Diseases such as filariasis, intestinal worms, and leprosy are still found in some areas, mainly where sanitation and healthcare access are limited.

Should travelers be concerned about NTDs?

For most travelers, the risk of NTDs in Indonesia is low. These diseases usually affect people who live long-term in rural or underserved areas.

However, travelers should still take basic precautions, such as:

1. Using mosquito repellent
2. Keeping vaccinations up to date
3. Avoiding stray animals
4. Practicing safe food and water habits