What Are the Symptoms of Autism? A Simple Guide for Parents

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a condition that affects how a person communicates, interacts with others, and behaves. It can look different in every child, which sometimes makes it hard for parents to recognize the signs early.

Understanding the symptoms of autism in a simple and clear way can help you take the right steps sooner, and early support can make a big difference in your child’s development. Autism is called a “spectrum” because each child may experience it differently.

Some children may need more support, while others can live more independently. However, there are common signs that doctors around the world use to identify autism.

These signs usually fall into two main areas:

• Difficulty with social communication and interaction
• Repetitive behaviors or strong, fixed interests

Common Symptoms of Autism

1. Difficulty with Social Interaction

Children with autism may find it hard to connect with others. You might notice that your child:

• Avoids eye contact
• Does not respond when their name is called
• Prefers to play alone instead of with other children
• Has trouble understanding emotions or facial expressions

For example, your child may not wave goodbye or show interest in playing simple games with others.

2. Delayed Speech or Communication

Some children with autism develop speech later than expected, or in a different way. Signs include:

• Not speaking as early as other children
• Repeating words or phrases over and over (echolalia)
• Difficulty starting or continuing conversations

Even if a child can speak well, they may still struggle to use language in social situations.

3. Repetitive Behaviors and Strong Routines

Repetitive actions are a key sign of autism. These may include:

• Hand-flapping, rocking, or spinning
• Repeating the same activities or phrases
• Getting upset when routines change

For example, your child may insist on doing things the same way every day and feel stressed if something changes.

4. Sensory Sensitivities

Children with autism may react strongly to certain sounds, textures, or lights. They might:

• Cover their ears at normal sounds
• Avoid certain clothes or foods
• Dislike being touched
• Be very interested in specific textures or objects

These sensitivities can affect daily activities like eating, dressing, or going to school.

Early Signs of Autism by Age

Recognizing signs early can help your child get support sooner.

By 12 Months

You may notice that your child:

• Does not point to show interest
• Rarely makes eye contact
• Does not respond to his/her name
• Shows little interest in games like peekaboo

By 24-36 Months

At this age, signs may become clearer:

• Prefers to play alone
• Does not engage in pretend play
• Shows limited facial expressions
• Has delayed speech or stops using words they previously learned

Some children may also seem unusually quiet or less interested in people around them.

Other Signs to Be Aware Of

Some children with autism may also experience:

• Trouble sleeping
• Digestive issues
• High levels of activity or difficulty focusing
• Strong or unusual emotional reactions

Not every child will have all these signs as autism can look different in every child.

Autism in Indonesia

Autism symptoms are the same worldwide, including in Indonesia. However, many children are diagnosed later because of limited awareness or access to healthcare.

Current estimates suggest that around 2.4 million children in Indonesia may be affected by autism. This is based on a general estimate of about 1 in 68 children. Some studies suggest even higher numbers, but exact data is still being developed.

Because there is no national autism registry yet, many cases are based on estimates rather than exact counts. This is why early awareness is so important.

Why Early Diagnosis Matters

Getting an early diagnosis can help your child receive the right support as soon as possible. Early intervention can improve:

• Communication skills
• Social development
• Learning ability

Children who receive help before the age of 2 often show better progress over time.

When Should You See a Doctor?

If you notice any of the signs mentioned above, it is a good idea to talk to a healthcare professional. You know your child best, so trust your instincts.

Recognizing the symptoms of autism early can help your child get the care they need to grow and thrive. With the right support, children with autism can build important skills and lead fulfilling lives.

At Bali International Hospital, we provide complete support for children’s development, including detailed assessments and personalized care plans. 

If you have any concerns, don’t wait. You can contact us to learn more or book an appointment with our specialists for a proper evaluation.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What are the early signs of autism in children?

Early signs of autism can appear before the age of 2. Children may not respond to their name, avoid eye contact, or show limited facial expressions like smiling.

Some may not point at objects, follow where others are looking, or engage in pretend play. You might also notice repetitive movements, delayed speech, or a preference for playing alone.

These signs can vary, but they often affect how a child communicates and interacts with others.

At what age can autism be diagnosed?

Autism can often be identified as early as 18 to 24 months by trained professionals. In some cases, signs may appear even earlier.

However, many children are diagnosed later, around age 4 or 5. Regular developmental check-ups help detect signs early and allow for timely support.

How do parents recognize developmental delays?

Parents can watch for missed milestones, such as no babbling by 12 months, no single words by 16 months, or no two-word phrases by 24 months. Other signs include poor eye contact, limited communication, short attention span, or difficulty with simple play and interaction.

How is Autism diagnosed?

Autism is diagnosed through a thorough evaluation by a professional, such as a pediatrician or psychologist. This usually includes observing the child, talking to parents or caregivers, and using specific tools or tests to understand the child’s behavior, communication, and social skills.

The diagnosis is based on the results of these assessments.